UN extends peacekeeping mission in Western Sahara amid Algeria's protest

The U.N. Security Council voted in November 2024 to extend the mandate of its peacekeeping force in Western Sahara, confirming support for ongoing peace efforts in the region. Twelve countries were in favor, while Algeria abstained from voting out of protest against the absence of provisions related to human rights monitoring in the resolution. Algeria, aligned with the pro-independence Polisario Front, has expressed dissatisfaction with the U.S. draft that guides the resolution. The background to this conflict dates back to Morocco’s annexation of Western Sahara in 1975, which led to sustained tensions between Morocco and the independence-seeking Polisario Front. Despite a U.N.-brokered cease-fire in 1991 intended to pave the way for a referendum on the territory's future, disagreements on voter eligibility have stalled these efforts. In turn, Morocco has shifted its stance, proposing autonomy rather than full independence for the region. In 2020, the conflict reignited with the Polisario Front resuming armed hostilities, marking the end of a 29-year truce. The recent Security Council resolution highlighted the urgency of finding a political solution, amid the continuing lack of agreement between Morocco and the Polisario Front. The situation remains complex, as regional dynamics, including natural resource interests and national sovereignty issues, complicate a resolution. The escalating tensions underline the necessity for renewed dialogue and diplomatic efforts to address the longstanding dispute over Western Sahara.