Indian researchers find new fish species thriving in caves

In Meghalaya, India, researchers have discovered a new species of fish in the Krem Mawjymbuin cave system. This fish, which has unique adaptations allowing it to thrive in both subterranean and surface environments, was first spotted by zoologist Khlur Baiaineh Mukhim during a cave expedition two years ago. Notably, it has long barbels and retains eyesight, which is rare for cave-dwelling species that typically have evolved to live in total darkness. Researchers emphasize that understanding such adaptations can inform conservation efforts for these unique species. The cave system where this new fish was found is characterized by extreme conditions, including low oxygen levels and a harsh environment with stagnant water. Dandadhar Sarma, one of the researchers involved in this study, highlighted how these underground ecosystems can show incredible evolutionary traits not dissimilar to those found in extreme habitats like the polar regions or deep oceans. Their research findings show that there are numerous species residing in these caves, but they often go unnoticed due to limited research. The newly discovered species, named Schistura densiclava, is the sixth cave-dwelling fish species identified in Meghalaya over the last few decades. This fish's ability to adapt to varying environments is especially striking, as most cave-dwelling species cannot survive above ground. It has been observed living in deep water pools 60m inside the cave, as well as in a nearby stream. The presence of this fish in such diverse habitats adds weight to the argument that cave systems must be studied further to understand the ecological significance and conservation needs of their inhabitants. The process of discovering this new species is labor-intensive and perilous, involving rappelling into deep caverns and navigating through tight spaces with low oxygen levels. Mukhim has dedicated over a decade to studying these unique fish and emphasizes the importance of research in ensuring their survival. The need for thorough explorations and studies of cave ecosystems is underscored by their harsh conditions, which not only challenge the organisms that live there but also hinder scientific exploration. Such efforts are vital for the continued existence and understanding of these remarkable species.