Oral bacteria may influence cancer and other diseases, say experts

In recent years, a heightened focus on the oral microbiome has emerged, highlighting the critical role of the diverse colony of bacteria residing in the mouth. This research suggests that the oral microbiome could be as significant to health as the gut microbiome, which has long been studied for its impact on overall wellness. Dr Raul Bescos, who heads the research group on oral microbiome at the University of Plymouth, emphasizes that most of the microbes in our mouths are beneficial, and a shift in thinking is required regarding their roles. Traditionally, the emphasis was on eradicating harmful bacteria to prevent diseases such as gum disease, but this approach may overlook the importance of maintaining a healthy balance of bacteria in the mouth. The investigation into oral bacteria has intersected with concerns about rising cancer incidences, particularly in the mouth. However, experts caution against jumping to conclusions about causation; it is crucial to differentiate whether shifts in the microbiome precede disease or result afterward. Additionally, studies have indicated a connection between specific oral bacteria and various other health conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, bowel cancer, and even endocarditis. Research shows that fusobacterium nucleatum, a type of bacteria found in dental plaque, has been present in some bowel tumors, suggesting complex interactions between oral health and systemic diseases. The implications of these findings raise awareness about the potential for oral hygiene practices to affect health beyond the mouth. While ongoing research seeks to elucidate these relationships, it remains evident that fostering a balanced oral microbiome is of growing importance. This monitoring approach contrasts with traditional practices that focus heavily on antibacterial treatments. Importantly, some data indicates that certain mouthwashes might contribute to adverse health issues, including heightened blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and potential cancer links, although no direct cancer cases were identified in those studies. The evidence points to a multifaceted relationship between oral bacteria and overall health, requiring further investigation to enhance our understanding of these dynamics.