Ethiopia"s frankincense trees face extinction due to western demand

In northern Ethiopia, the demand for frankincense has surged, driven by wealthy consumers in the West, leading to unsustainable harvesting practices. A study from 2011 warned that 90% of Boswellia papyrifera trees could vanish by 2060 due to reckless over-tapping. Local farmers, like 78-year-old Demstu, face challenges as the resin is often stolen before they can collect it, forcing many to resort to illegal extraction to survive. The region, already impoverished, has been further devastated by civil war from 2020 to 2022, exacerbating the plight of those dependent on the frankincense trade. The extraction process remains traditional, yet the increasing pressure on the trees has resulted in significant damage, with large strips of bark being removed improperly. This has led to a decline in the number of trees and the quality of resin produced. Despite the high market prices for frankincense, local farmers receive little profit, as the supply chain is exploitative and lacks transparency. Discussions are ongoing about the potential protection of Boswellia under international trade regulations, which could lead to a ban on harvesting. In Somalia, a significant portion of the population relies on frankincense for their income, highlighting the economic importance of this trade. Experts argue that instead of imposing bans, there should be more support for smallholders who are crucial for the conservation of these trees. Without proper training and investment, the future of frankincense trees and the livelihoods of those who depend on them remain at risk. The situation calls for urgent action to balance the needs of local communities with the preservation of this valuable natural resource. Sustainable practices and fair compensation for farmers are essential to ensure the survival of frankincense trees and the people who rely on them for their livelihoods.