Russia ramps up T-90M tank production amid heavy losses

Since the beginning of the invasion in 2022, Russia has ramped up production of its advanced T-90M tanks, producing around 540 to 630 units. In 2022, it manufactured approximately 60 to 70 T-90M tanks, which increased to 140 to 180 in 2023 and is likely to reach around 280 to 300 in 2024. Despite this production surge, only about 15% of Russia's total tank inventory is operational, with more than 130 units confirmed destroyed, damaged, or captured in Ukraine. As the conflict enters late 2024, there has been a noticeable decline in the use of armored vehicles on the frontlines, prompting analysts to question Moscow's strategic decisions concerning tank deployment. The Uralvagonzavod plant, responsible for T-90M manufacturing, is undergoing technical upgrades aimed at further increasing production capacity. However, to achieve higher output levels, substantial investment and access to modern equipment are essential. Given the current circumstances, experts recommend stricter export controls and enforcement of sanctions to restrict Russia's military-industrial growth potential. Without such measures, there is a possibility of Russia producing up to 3,000 tanks over the next decade if hostilities come to a halt. Analysts note that while production numbers have surged, Russia's cautious approach in utilizing these tanks in combat contrasts with earlier expectations, indicating a potential reconsideration of military strategies as battlefield conditions evolve. The losses incurred since 2022, estimated at over 3,000 tanks, included a significant portion in 2024 alone, with around 1,100 tanks lost during that year. This trend may reflect Moscow's attempts to conserve its more advanced weapons for future engagements, potentially altering its military's operational capacity moving forward. The dual narrative of ramped-up military production coupled with decreased frontline deployments raises questions regarding the sustainability and effectiveness of Russia's military strategy in Ukraine. This situation emphasizes the importance of initiatives that limit Russia's ability to expand its military capabilities, suggesting that such actions should be integral to NATO's deterrence strategy in Europe. As the war continues and the geopolitical landscape shifts, these findings underscore the complexity of modern warfare and strategic planning.