Guinea votes on controversial constitution that may empower coup leader

In Guinea, citizens participated in a referendum on September 21, 2025, to decide on a draft constitution that could potentially enable the military leader, Colonel Mamadi Doumbouya, to run for the presidency. The campaign leading to this referendum was marked by a series of spirited events, including Quran readings and concerts, all aimed at showcasing support for Doumbouya, who rose to power through a coup three years prior. With approximately 6.7 million eligible voters, the referendum is crucial for Guinea as it marks a significant step toward transitioning from military rule to civilian governance. Voter turnout of at least 50% is required for the referendum to be valid. Campaign billboards in Conakry largely leaned towards a 'Yes' vote, reflecting the military government's tight control of media and information distribution, leaving many citizens to rely on the military’s narrative regarding the new constitution. Critics argue that the referendum is primarily a means for Doumbouya to legitimize his rise to power. This perception is bolstered by the opposition’s call for a boycott, with leaders labeling the event a 'masquerade' intended to reinforce a coup d'état. Despite the changes proposed by the new constitution, including the introduction of a Senate and allowance for independent candidates in elections, many citizens remain uninformed about its content due to the repression of independent media and widespread illiteracy in the country. The referendum signifies a critical moment in the evolving political landscape of Guinea, reflecting the ongoing struggle for democracy amidst military dominance and public skepticism of government intentions.