Thai government offers free public transport to tackle severe air pollution

In response to severe air pollution levels, which have led to the closure of over 350 schools and prompted workers to stay home, Thai authorities announced on January 25, 2025, that travel on public transport in Bangkok would be free for a week. This initiative aims to decrease the number of private vehicles on the roads, which significantly contribute to pollution. The measure allows passengers to use buses and both elevated and underground electric trains without charge. Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra stated her government's commitment to addressing air pollution using both short- and long-term strategies. The initiative reflects ongoing concerns regarding public health, specifically the negative effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that can lead to serious health issues. While air pollution has long been a persistent problem in northern Thailand due to agricultural practices, Bangkok has increasingly experienced extended bouts of pollution, particularly during the cooler months when weather conditions trap pollutants. Reports highlight that the air quality index (AQI) in Bangkok reached alarming levels, categorizing it as borderline unhealthy for the population, with readings peaking at 185 and levels of PM2.5 measured at 108 micrograms per cubic meter on January 25. This prompted strong governmental action, including an effort towards stricter enforcement of regulations on vehicles that produce high emissions. Experts point to a combination of factors driving the increase in smog, such as emissions from cars and factories as well as construction dust. This situation is compounded by seasonal agricultural burning and the geographical layout of Bangkok, which can exacerbate pollution levels. Observations from the Swiss-based monitoring service IQAir have placed Bangkok among the world's most polluted cities, ranking it as the 14th most polluted urban area worldwide as of January 25. The government’s decision for free public transport not only reflects an immediate response to a health crisis but also signifies ongoing efforts to promote cleaner transportation options and reduce reliance on personal vehicles. Continuous monitoring and further legislative measures will be essential in effectively managing air quality in the long term.