Legault considers a Quebec constitution by 2026 amid calls for autonomy

In Quebec, Premier Francois Legault recently indicated a willingness to consider the adoption of a Quebec constitution before the next provincial election scheduled for October 2026. This statement comes in response to a report released by a committee he appointed, which contains recommendations aimed at enhancing Quebec's autonomy within Canada. The committee's report proposed various measures, including the drafting of a constitution, the transfer of certain judicial appointments from the federal government to Quebec, and the modernization of local laws to eliminate references to the monarchy. These proposals are seen as part of a broader strategy to fortify Quebec's distinct identity and governance, particularly in light of rising nationalist sentiments in the province. The report presented 42 recommendations, yet it remains uncertain how many will be implemented, given that many would necessitate negotiations with the federal government. Justice Minister Simon Jolin-Barrette has stated that the recommendations will be evaluated in the upcoming weeks. The context behind Legault's openness to a provincial constitution is influenced by the current political landscape in Canada, where an emerging conservatism contrasts with Quebec's traditionally progressive values. Political analysts, including Emilie Foster, suggest that a province-specific constitution could symbolize unity in Quebec's identity and values. While the ruling Coalition Avenir Québec government and the opposition Liberals have shown interest in a Quebec constitution, significant disagreement surrounds the inclusion of contentious matters such as the province's secularism law, Bill 21. This law has faced criticism for its provisions limiting religious symbols in certain public sectors, creating tension among various community groups. The Liberals have voiced the necessity for any constitutional process to involve public consultation, signifying potential challenges ahead in achieving consensus. Additionally, the committee's recommendations stress the importance of negotiating with the federal government regarding specific rights and responsibilities, including the proportional housing of asylum seekers in Quebec and appointing judges with recommendations from the provincial government. However, observers note that the current Liberal administration at the federal level is unlikely to support such measures, highlighting the hurdles Quebec may face in bolstering its legislative and governance authority within the Canadian federation. Foster also mentioned that the timeline for implementing these changes might depend on upcoming federal elections, indicating that the quest for a Quebec constitution is intertwined with broader national politics.