India secures crucial defense and energy deals in Sri Lanka

India has strengthened its ties with Sri Lanka by securing significant defense and energy agreements during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's recent visit. The visit, which took place in early April 2025, is seen as a strategic move by India to counter China's growing influence in the region, as Sri Lanka has become increasingly reliant on Chinese investments. President Anura Kumara Dissanayake of Sri Lanka welcomed Modi with honors, acknowledging the importance of the relationship between the two neighboring nations. During the visit, a five-year defense cooperation agreement was signed, enabling the training of Sri Lankan military personnel in India and the sharing of vital information and technology. This agreement is particularly crucial given the historical concerns India has had regarding Chinese military presence and influence in Sri Lanka, especially following past incidents where Chinese submarines were allowed to dock at the Colombo port. Dissanayake assured Modi that Sri Lankan territory would not be used against India's security interests, solidifying the commitment between the two countries. Additionally, the leaders celebrated the launch of the construction of a 120-megawatt solar power project, a joint investment reflecting India's focus on renewable energy projects in its neighborhood. This solar project had been delayed for years and symbolizes India's support for Sri Lanka's energy independence. The collaboration comes at a time when Sri Lanka is seeking to balance its relationships between India and China, attempting to maintain sovereignty while managing its significant debts and reliance on foreign investment. Sri Lanka recently faced a severe economic crisis and defaulted on a significant amount of debt in 2022, with China being its largest creditor. Thus, the Indian-backed solar project represents not only a crucial investment for Sri Lanka but also a way for India to re-establish its influence in the region. Modi's visit aligns with a broader strategy of enhancing India's regional connections, including discussions with leaders from Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. Overall, these developments highlight the ongoing geopolitical tussle between India and China in South Asia, emphasizing Sri Lanka's strategic importance as both countries vie for influence.