Scientists reveal how SARS-CoV-2 mutates rapidly in immunocompromised hosts

During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists made predictions about the mutation rate of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, anticipating a slow evolution similar to other coronaviruses. However, data gathered over time contradicts these expectations, revealing a higher frequency of mutations than initially believed. Research indicates that the virus can acquire approximately two mutations per month when it transmits among individuals, but the situation is exacerbated in immunocompromised patients. These patients can carry the virus for extended periods, allowing for an increased number of mutations to develop within their immune systems. In February, health writer Sarah Zhang published an examination of various studies that demonstrate how the virus could survive for weeks or months in immunocompromised hosts. This prolonged presence of the virus acts as a 'training camp,' providing ample opportunity for the virus to adapt and develop mutations that may evade the human immune response. The research underlines the importance of understanding how these specific mutations might contribute to new variants and subsequent waves of infections. One prominent example of mutated strains is the omicron variant, which is believed to have arisen due to the evolutionary possibilities afforded by the virus's extended time within immunocompromised individuals. As these variants emerge, they complicate predictions for COVID-19 transmission, necessitating a reevaluation of how researchers approach both existing and future viral outbreaks. The insights gained from the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 could also have bearings beyond COVID-19. Understanding the mechanisms of viral evolution through the lens of these mutations in specific populations could aid researchers in forecasting the development of other viruses. This knowledge is paramount in fighting not only the current pandemic but also any potential future viral threats, reshaping strategies for contagion control and vaccine development.