Japan bans recreational cannabis while legalizing medical use

Japan has announced a significant shift in its cannabis legislation, set to take effect on December 12, 2024. The new law will criminalize recreational cannabis use, imposing severe penalties, including prison sentences of up to seven years for offenders. This decision comes in response to a noted increase in cannabis-related offenses, particularly among teenagers and young adults, as reported by police data. Previously, while possession and cultivation of marijuana were illegal, there were no penalties for its use, primarily to protect farmers cultivating hemp. In contrast, the new legislation will allow for the medical use of cannabis, marking a departure from Japan's strict prohibition on any medical applications. This change reflects a growing recognition of the potential benefits of cannabis for therapeutic purposes. However, the government will require different licenses for cannabis intended for pharmaceutical use versus industrial purposes, indicating a structured approach to regulation. The decision to criminalize recreational use is part of a broader strategy to address rising misuse among the youth, as indicated by increasing arrests. The government aims to curb this trend while simultaneously providing access to medical cannabis for those in need. The dual approach of strict penalties for recreational use and legalization for medical purposes highlights the complexities of cannabis regulation in Japan. As the law comes into effect, it will be crucial to monitor its impact on both public health and the legal landscape surrounding cannabis in Japan. The government’s actions reflect a balancing act between public safety and the evolving understanding of cannabis as a medicinal substance.