Experts confirm wreck of Captain Cook's HMS Endeavour found off Rhode Island

The discovery of HMS Endeavour, which was lost for centuries, off the coast of the United States has generated significant interest and debate within the maritime archaeological community. Initially launched in 1764 and famously used for expeditions from 1768 to 1771, the vessel is notably recognized as the first European ship to reach eastern Australia. After its explorations, the ship was sold and renamed Lord Sandwich before meeting its fate during the American War of Independence when it was deliberately sunk in Newport Harbour in 1778 as part of a military strategy to block a naval passage. Despite being submerged for over two centuries, the wreck was identified as RI 2394 by a team led by the Australian National Maritime Museum (ANMM), resulting from 25 years of archaeological research and underwater investigations, which included comparing the wreck's dimensions with historical records from its 1768 survey. The findings of the underwater archaeologists, including detailed measurements of the ship's timber, suggest that the timbers are of British origin and correspond closely with descriptions and specifications documented in the 18th century. Kieran Hosty, one of the archaeologists involved in the research, pointed out that the distinctive features of the ship, such as the unique stem scarf, align precisely with historical plans specific to the Endeavour, with discrepancies being within millimeter precision. These results lend considerable credence to the claim that the wreck is indeed that of Captain Cook’s famous vessel. While the identification of the wreck has sparked excitement and is seen as a landmark discovery for maritime history, it has not come without controversy. An earlier report issued in 2022 had already indicated this wreck as HMS Endeavour; however, it faced backlash from the Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project, who claimed the conclusions were made prematurely and breached existing collaborations regarding the research. The ANMM, acknowledging these concerns, indicated that further investigations may not wholly rule out other potential shipwreck candidates in Newport Harbour as part of their ongoing marine archaeological efforts. The discovery not only revives discussions about the historical significance of Captain Cook's explorations but also opens inquiries into the fate of the ship during its service as a troop transport and prison ship. During the War of Independence, it became one of the many vessels intentionally scuttled to hinder advancing enemy forces. The wreck's rediscovery shines a light on an era defined by exploration, military conflict, and international maritime laws, making it a rich subject for further archaeological study and public interest.