Possible Diamond Layer Found on Mercury
- Scientists suggest that Mercury might have a thick underground layer of diamonds.
- Some of these diamonds may have made their way to the surface.
- This finding opens up new questions about the planet's geological history and composition.
Recent studies indicate that Mercury, the smallest and closest planet to the sun, may harbor a layer of diamonds extending up to 18 kilometers (11 miles) beneath its surface. Researchers from the University of Liège and the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research conducted experiments using an anvil press to simulate the extreme conditions expected in Mercury's mantle. This innovative approach allowed them to explore the planet's internal structure, which remains largely uncharted due to the lack of surface samples. The study, published in *Nature Communications*, highlights the unique geological characteristics of Mercury, which is rich in carbon and has a surface dominated by graphite. Coauthor Bernard Charlier noted that the planet's proximity to the sun results in a low oxygen environment, significantly influencing its chemical composition. The research also revealed that Mercury's magma ocean is cooler and deeper than previously thought, primarily due to the presence of sulfur, which lowers the melting point of materials. While the possibility of diamonds reaching the surface is intriguing, Charlier cautioned that determining their size remains a challenge, as they are located approximately 500 kilometers (310 miles) deep. Sean Solomon, principal investigator for NASA's MESSENGER mission, acknowledged the study's potential but emphasized the difficulties future missions will face in verifying these findings. The research marks a significant advancement in understanding planetary interiors and their evolution, according to Felipe González from the University of California, Berkeley.