EU Clarifies Mineral Deal with Rwanda

Brussels is facing mounting criticism over its minerals pact with Rwanda, with detractors arguing that the agreement may facilitate the smuggling of "blood minerals" from eastern Congo. Critics highlight Rwanda's alleged support for the M23 rebel group, which has intensified its control over the region's mineral resources since the pact was signed. This situation exacerbates a long-standing conflict that has resulted in millions of deaths and the displacement of approximately seven million people, fueled by the illicit trade of valuable minerals like tantalum, essential for electronic components. The European Union (EU) envisions Rwanda as a potential "hub for value addition" in the mineral sector, projecting a significant increase in mining export revenues. However, the United Nations has accused Rwandan President Paul Kagame of directly backing the M23 rebels, who have rearmed and expanded their territorial control in eastern Congo. In response to the EU's actions, Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi condemned the deal as a provocation, likening it to a proxy war against Congo, and has called for an international embargo on Rwandan mineral exports. The EU maintains that the agreement aligns with its broader strategy for peace in the Great Lakes region, emphasizing the need for transparency and traceability of conflict minerals to prevent further violence and human rights abuses. While activists acknowledge the EU's efforts, they argue for more impactful measures, such as withholding development aid, to pressure Rwanda effectively. The EU's current approach has been criticized for lacking substantial commitments to a peace process in the region.