China leads in critical technologies as of 2023

A recent report by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) indicates that China has emerged as the global leader in approximately 90% of critical technologies, a significant shift from its position two decades ago. The report highlights that while the U.S. dominated in 60 out of 64 technologies from 2003 to 2007, it now leads in only seven, with China taking the lead in 57. This transformation is attributed to China's substantial government investment in research and development and the strength of its academic institutions. The ASPI's Critical Technology Tracker, launched in March 2023, analyzed data on research papers and technological advancements, revealing China's leadership in areas such as quantum sensors, high-performance computing, and advanced integrated circuit design. Conversely, the U.S. maintains its lead in specific fields like quantum computing and vaccines. The report also notes that China has taken the lead in all advanced technologies classified as high risk, which could lead to monopolistic control over these technologies. India is also making significant progress, surpassing the U.S. in several critical technology fields, while the U.K. has seen a decline in its technological standing. The report emphasizes the need for Western nations to collaborate with countries like India, Japan, and South Korea to regain technological competitiveness. Despite its advancements, China remains reliant on external sources for high-end semiconductor production, highlighting a vulnerability in its technological ambitions. The report suggests that while China's rise in technology is notable, it is not entirely organic, with allegations of intellectual property theft contributing to its rapid progress.