Ancient Pyramid in Indonesia Rewrites History
- Indonesian researchers claim Gunung Padang pyramid is 25,000 years old.
- Archaeologists cast doubt on the claims, citing lack of evidence.
- Debate continues as the pyramid challenges conventional timelines of human history.
A recent study has sparked controversy regarding the origins of the Gunung Padang pyramid in Indonesia, which some researchers claim may date back to 25,000 BC. This assertion challenges the long-held belief that the Djoser Step pyramid in Egypt, constructed around 2,630 BC, is the oldest known pyramid. The research, led by Danny Hilman Natawidjaja from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, suggests that the pyramid's core is made of sculpted andesite lava, potentially indicating advanced construction techniques existed long before the advent of agriculture. The findings, published in the journal *Archaeological Prospection*, argue that the structure may have originated from a natural lava hill that was later modified by human hands. The authors contend that this evidence points to sophisticated masonry skills during the last glacial period, contradicting the notion that such techniques emerged only with agricultural development around 11,000 years ago. They also draw parallels with other ancient sites, like Gobekli Tepe in Turkey, to support their claims. However, the study has faced significant skepticism from the academic community. UK archaeologist Flint Dibble criticized the research, stating there is insufficient evidence to prove the layers were constructed by humans, suggesting instead that natural processes could account for the findings. Similarly, Bill Farley from Southern Connecticut State University noted that soil samples from the site lack indicators of human activity. In response to the criticism, Natawidjaja expressed openness to further research on Gunung Padang, while the journal's co-editor confirmed an investigation into the study's claims is underway.