China's massive dam in Tibet threatens millions in India and Bangladesh

China is advancing with the construction of what will become the world's largest hydropower dam on the eastern rim of the Tibetan plateau. Approved earlier this year, the dam is set to be built on the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. It has the potential to generate approximately 300 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, which is more than three times the output of the current largest dam, the Three Gorges Dam. This development is particularly significant as it plays a crucial role in China’s energy strategy and climate initiatives, aiming for carbon peaking and neutrality. However, the project has raised substantial environmental and social concerns, particularly from neighboring countries such as India and Bangladesh. These countries fear the dam will displace millions of people downstream and alter the flow of the Yarlung Zangbo River, which flows into India as the Brahmaputra. The construction has already drawn criticism from activists and governments who worry about potential ecological destruction and the displacement of local communities in Tibet. Although Chinese state media promises that the dam will be developed with ecological protection in mind, the comprehensive impact on local ecosystems remains uncertain, with officials not providing specific figures on displacement. Additionally, there are considerable engineering challenges associated with this ambitious project, particularly given the region's seismic activity. The site is located at a tectonic plate boundary, raising concerns about the potential risks posed by earthquakes and landslides that could threaten the dam's stability. Reports indicate that at least four extensive tunnels need to be constructed to divert water from the river, which further complicates the engineering aspects of the project. In response to these developments, India is considering countermeasures, including the exploration of a large hydropower dam project within its borders to mitigate the impacts of the Chinese dam. There is increasing tension in the region as both countries grapple with issues relating to water security and environmental protection. As construction studies progress, local activists continue to voice their concerns, suggesting that the project could lead to severe disruptions not only to communities but also to intricate ecosystems along the Yarlung Tsangbo and beyond.