Killer whales showcase tool use in grooming behavior

In recent observations off the west coast of North America, scientists witnessed remarkable behavior among southern resident killer whales, where they employed bull kelp as a grooming tool. The research was conducted by the Centre for Whale Research, utilizing aerial footage that has been collected since 2018. It highlighted that these whales were not only using the kelp but also manufacturing it specifically for grooming purposes, marking a significant discovery in the understanding of tool use among marine mammals. Researchers found that these interactions were common, occurring frequently during social engagements among the whales, showcasing a unique aspect of their behavior. The whales demonstrated a clear technique where they would break off segments of bull kelp and use them to roll against one another's skin, suggesting a possible hygienic function. Interestingly, the behavior seemed more pronounced in individuals exhibiting signs of dead or moulting skin, indicating a potential health benefit alongside social bonding. Despite nearly five decades of observation of these critically endangered southern resident killer whales, this specific behavior had gone unnoticed until the introduction of drone technology in the monitoring process. Michael Weiss expressed that this discovery underscores both the capabilities of new observation techniques and our ongoing learning about marine mammals. The significance of understanding such behavior extends beyond mere curiosity; it sheds light on the societal and cultural dynamics inherent within this population of whales. The results of this study broaden our understanding of how tool use may manifest in marine environments. Furthermore, it raises questions about whether this behavior is exclusive to southern resident killer whales or if it could be widespread among other whale populations globally. With fewer than 80 individuals remaining in this population, further research could be crucial to understanding their social structures and improving conservation efforts for these unique marine animals.