New blood test could predict bowel cancer risk for patients with IBD

In the UK, researchers have made significant strides in bowel cancer detection, particularly for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions significantly increase the risk of developing bowel cancer, but until now, assessing that risk effectively has posed a challenge. A recent study funded by Cancer Research UK involved scientists from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) collaborating with doctors at St Mark's hospital in London, the UK's leading bowel hospital. They focused on identifying which patients with IBD are at higher risk of progressing to bowel cancer. The study included samples of pre-cancerous cells from 122 IBD patients, allowing researchers to pinpoint critical indicators. Their findings revealed a strong correlation between the loss of multiple copies of DNA in pre-cancerous cells and an increased likelihood of developing bowel cancer. To streamline this assessment, the team designed an algorithm capable of calculating individual cancer risk based on the specific DNA alterations present in the pre-cancerous cells. The results indicated over 90% accuracy in predicting bowel cancer risk in the next five years among those in the high-risk group. Professor Ailsa Hart, one of the leads on this groundbreaking research, emphasized the importance of regular monitoring and assessments for patients with IBD, as they require vigilant oversight to detect early signs of cancer. When cancer is identified, surgical options become a priority, but they are often challenging for patients. The new algorithm and potential blood test can equip both patients and doctors with better information, aiding in making informed decisions regarding cancer risk management. This innovative approach deviates from the more invasive and uncomfortable procedures currently employed, such as regular colonoscopies, which can be taxing for patients. With around 500,000 people in the UK diagnosed with Crohn's or ulcerative colitis, these developments aim to alleviate unnecessary stress for those who may be at a lower risk of developing cancer. This research aligns with advancements in genome sequencing, which have become more accessible and affordable, refining cancer treatment strategies moving forward.