Is archaeology just comparing artifacts, or is there more to it?
- A documentary series examines the similarities between the ancient Sanxingdui-Jinsha civilization of China and the Maya civilization of Mesoamerica.
- Scholars from both regions highlight shared beliefs and practices, demonstrating how both civilizations respected deities and engaged in agricultural practices influenced by lunar phases.
- The findings suggest a deeper understanding of ancient civilizations can emerge through comparative studies that illuminate their connections and differences.
On December 11, 2024, a documentary series co-produced by Chengdu Radio and Television highlighted the parallels between the ancient Sanxingdui-Jinsha civilization in China and the Maya civilization in Central America. British archaeologist Gordon Childe's comparative method in archaeology frames this exploration, focusing on shared beliefs, social structures, and artistic expressions. Renowned Chinese archaeologist Kwang-chih Chang's concept of the 'China-Maya continuum' suggests these civilizations stemmed from common ancestors, showcasing distinct development paths that led to their unique yet similar achievements. The documentary's first episode delves into the origins and initial growth of both civilizations, investigating urbanization and architectural evolution. It emphasizes urban centers as milestones that foster societal cohesion. The subsequent episodes probe into the spiritual dimensions of both cultures, particularly their devotion to deities and nature. This reverence is reflected in their architectural designs and sacrificial practices. One striking finding documented was the resemblance of sacrificial artifacts from both cultures. Although sacrificial practices varied—where the Maya used ball courts indicating human sacrifices, Sanxingdui utilized human-shaped bronze vessels as ceremonial substitutes—such artifacts suggest a common spiritual quest to communicate with deities. Experts propose that similar geographical features impacted both civilizations' agricultural practices, with both cultures possibly aligning their farming activities with lunar phases, a prevalent method among ancient agrarian societies observing celestial movements. As concluded in the documentary, while Sanxingdui and Mayan civilizations exhibited some parallels, they also presented distinct differences in cultural expressions and rituals. Understanding these nuanced interrelations can deepen our awareness of the developmental intersections and cultural dynamics that have shaped human civilizations throughout history.