Rubio warns of imminent collapse and civil war in Syria

In May 2025, tensions escalated in Syria as US Secretary of State Marco Rubio expressed urgent concerns regarding the country's transitional authorities, which he indicated are on the brink of potential collapse and a full-scale civil war. During a hearing of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Rubio backed President Donald Trump's controversial decision to lift sanctions on Syria, a move he argues is necessary for other nations planning to provide aid to Syria and support its current administration under President Ahmed al-Sharaa. The US had previously imposed sanctions on Syria due to egregious human rights violations committed by the Assad regime during the multi-year civil conflict, which has resulted in over 600,000 deaths and millions displaced. Rubio highlighted pro-government forces had recently carried out violence in various regions leading to significant civilian casualties, particularly amongst members of Assad's Alawite sect. These events further confirm the dire state of security and governance within the country, exacerbating the humanitarian crisis faced by the Syrian populace. Simultaneously, protracted factional fighting has intensified, notably in the capital Damascus and southern provinces, indicating a weakening grip of the central government and the rising risk of fragmentation. Rubio, referring to the transitional authorities' struggles, stated that without international support, the situation could deteriorate rapidly. The lifting of sanctions was portrayed as an opportunity to relieve suffering and create a pathway for stability within the region. As the European Union also approved measures to rollback sanctions, the Syrian foreign ministry welcomed the decision as a significant development in re-establishing relations following years of isolation. Sharaa interpreted the lifting of sanctions as a courageous step facilitating international aid and rebuilding efforts essential for Syria's future. Nevertheless, the potential for violent conflict remains imminent, and the true challenge lies in transitioning effectively towards a stable and inclusive governance structure that can prevent descent into renewed warfare.