Study reveals artificial sweeteners linked to cognitive decline

In Brazil, a study conducted over an eight-year period has raised concerns about the effects of artificial sweeteners on cognitive health. Researchers observed 12,700 civil servants, starting with a questionnaire about their artificial sweetener intake. The study identified six specific sweeteners: Aspartame, Saccharin, Acesulfame-K, Erythritol, Sorbitol, and Xylitol, linking them to reduced cognitive performance and verbal fluency among participants under 60. Results suggested that those who consumed these sweeteners experienced a decline in brain function before the typical age of cognitive decline. The study, co-authored by Dr. Claudia Suemoto, an associate professor of geriatrics at the University of Sao Paulo, highlighted the natural cognitive decline that typically begins in the late 20s. Dr. Suemoto mentioned that the consumption of artificial sweeteners might accelerate this decline even in middle-aged adults, a demographic with an average age of around 52 years. Importantly, participants over 60 did not show significant reductions in cognitive function, but younger individuals with diabetes fared worse, experiencing accelerated declines in cognition and speech capabilities. In light of these findings, the researchers noted the need for more investigation, particularly in how artificial sweeteners might affect brain health through mechanisms like neuroinflammation or damage to gut-brain pathways. Although animal studies have shown that certain sweeteners could induce brain inflammation or alter gut microbes, the doses used in these studies were much higher than those typically consumed by humans. Due to these factors, the researchers emphasized that further studies are essential to establish conclusive evidence regarding causation. In response, the International Sweeteners Association disputed the findings, arguing that the study was observational and could only indicate a statistical association rather than a direct cause-and-effect relationship. They pointed out that results might be influenced by other factors such as dietary habits and lifestyle choices. Future research directions could involve brain imaging technology to observe the specific areas affected by sweeteners and randomized trials where participants eliminate artificial sweeteners from their diets. This could provide clearer insights into their impact on cognitive function and overall health in both controlled and real-world settings.