Researchers uncover diverse inscriptions from medieval pilgrims in Jerusalem

In Jerusalem, recent archaeological research has unveiled numerous ancient inscriptions located in the Cenacle, a site believed to be where Jesus shared the Last Supper with his apostles. The inscriptions were etched by pilgrims during the late Middle Ages, dating between the 14th and 16th centuries. Thanks to advanced digital technologies like multispectral photography, approximately 40 inscriptions have been deciphered, shedding light on the geographical origins of the writers and illuminating the diverse backgrounds of the pilgrims who visited this sacred location. Christian tradition venerates the Cenacle, historically thought to be situated above the tomb of King David. Over the centuries, it has attracted pilgrims from various regions. Recent discoveries indicate that many of these pilgrims came from places such as Armenia, Syria, Serbia, and parts of Western Europe, revealing a previously overlooked diversity in pilgrimage. Among the findings were inscriptions in different languages, including Armenian and Arabic, with one notable Armenian message dating back to Christmas 1300, providing valuable historical context. The researchers, led by Ilya Berkovich and collaboration with the Israel Antiquities Authority, observed traces of both European and Middle Eastern Christian pilgrims, including notable figures such as Johannes Poloner, a 15th-century German pilgrim. His autograph, alongside coats of arms from various noble families, offers insights into the identities of the individuals who visited this sacred site. While some inscriptions were easily visible, others required advanced photographic techniques to uncover their meanings, highlighting the significance of technology in modern archaeological practices. The discovery contributes to a wider understanding of the pilgrimage culture in late medieval Jerusalem, countering the dominant narrative that primarily emphasizes Western pilgrims. The inscriptions, along with their artistic detail, suggest that many were created with the full awareness, if not approval, of the religious authorities at the time. This newly discovered material evidence challenges existing perspectives on the pilgrimage experience, indicating that the flow of Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem was far more diverse than previously considered, making it an essential milestone for scholars studying historical pilgrimage routes and their cultural significance during the Middle Ages.