Rwanda-backed M23 rebels capture vital town in east DR Congo

On January 4, 2025, the Rwanda-backed March 23 Movement (M23) militia seized control of Masisi, a strategically important town situated in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Masisi, with a population of around 40,000, is located approximately 80 kilometers north of Goma, North Kivu’s provincial capital, and is known for its rich agricultural, livestock, and mineral resources. The town’s capture is part of a series of territorial gains by M23, which has been active in the eastern DRC since 2021, displacing thousands of residents and leading to a significant humanitarian crisis in the region. Since the resumption of their activities, M23 has faced little effective resistance from the Congolese army (FARDC) and has increasingly expanded its territory. Notably, M23's assault on Masisi followed a series of clashes with government forces earlier that day, highlighting a deteriorating security situation in eastern Congo. This situation is exacerbated by a lack of meaningful diplomatic engagement, particularly following the abrupt cancellation of Angola-mediated peace talks between the DRC and Rwanda over disagreements regarding a potential peace agreement. The mounting violence in eastern DRC has raised concerns around the humanitarian ramifications, as civilians continue to bear the brunt of the ongoing conflict. Local officials, including Alexis Bahunga, deputy of North Kivu province, expressed deep concern regarding the implications of the militia's takeover of Masisi. Bahunga characterized the situation as a plunge into a serious humanitarian crisis, urging the DRC government to implement comprehensive measures to enhance the operational capabilities of the FARDC. Residents reported that the town experienced civilian injuries due to the violence, although no fatalities had been recorded immediately following the M23's takeover. Reports also indicated that many civilians sought refuge in medical facilities and local parishes amid ongoing gunfire and insecurity in the area. As the situation in Masisi unfolds, it serves as a stark reminder of the long-standing issues facing the region. For over three decades, eastern Congo has grappled with conflicts involving both local and foreign armed groups, a situation that has roots dating back to the regional wars of the 1990s. The area’s precious minerals and agricultural potential have consistently attracted various armed factions, perpetuating violence and instability. The DRC government and international community remain pressured to address the ongoing crisis effectively, as local populations await urgent assistance to secure their safety and well-being.