Rwanda-backed rebels brutally kill over 300 civilians in Congo

In July 2025, eastern Congo experienced a devastating surge in violence as Rwanda-backed M23 rebels carried out attacks that resulted in the deaths of at least 319 civilians. This tragic event was confirmed by Volker Türk, the U.N. human rights chief, who indicated that the killings occurred in North Kivu province’s Rutshuru territory between July 9 and July 21. These attacks represent one of the largest tolls documented since the resurgence of the M23 rebels in 2022, heightening concerns over the ongoing conflict in the region. The situation escalated just days after a declaration of principles was signed on July 19 in Qatar, aimed at establishing a permanent peace deal between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the rebels. This declaration sought to ensure the protection of civilians and facilitate the safe return of millions of displaced individuals. However, the subsequent attacks cast serious doubt on the commitment to this peace agreement and endangered efforts to stabilize the region. Congo has long suffered from unrest, particularly in its mineral-rich eastern region, where over 100 armed groups operate. The M23 rebel group has exploited existing tensions and conflict, leading to significant territorial gains in early 2025. The involvement of Rwandan forces has further complicated the dynamic, raising issues of sovereignty and international relations in Central Africa. The U.N. human rights chief expressed profound concern over the continued violence, condemning the attacks on civilians. Calls for an immediate end to such atrocities have been made amidst fears that the ongoing hostilities could undermine diplomatic negotiations aimed at lasting peace. With a critical deadline for achieving a comprehensive agreement set for August 18, the humanitarian crisis intensifies, leaving thousands vulnerable as conflict rages on.