What Is the West Bank and Who Controls It?

The West Bank has been a focal point of renewed violence, particularly since October 7, when over 600 Palestinians were reported killed in clashes with Israeli forces, according to the United Nations. Israeli military operations have intensified, with recent raids in Palestinian cities aimed at curbing rising militancy. These operations resulted in the deaths of five militants, including a commander, during a gun battle. The situation has escalated amid the ongoing conflict in Gaza, drawing international attention to the region. The West Bank is home to approximately three million Palestinians and 500,000 Israeli settlers, making it a complex and contested area. Its history dates back to the 1948 war, which led to the displacement of many Palestinians. Jordan occupied the territory until Israel took control in 1967 during a conflict with neighboring Arab states. The area is significant for many Israelis, who view it as part of their historical and religious homeland, often referred to by biblical names. Over the years, Israel has allowed the establishment and expansion of settlements in the West Bank, driven by a mix of nationalism and the search for affordable housing. However, Israel has not formally annexed the territory, largely due to concerns about international diplomatic repercussions and the potential impact on its demographic balance. The ongoing violence and military actions in the West Bank highlight the fragile and contentious nature of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with both sides facing significant challenges. The situation remains volatile, and the international community continues to monitor developments closely.