Haiti's capital falls under gang control as violence escalates

Haiti has been experiencing a severe governance crisis following the assassination of President Jovenel Moïse in July 2021. Since then, gangs have seized control, now dominating approximately 90% of the capital, Port-au-Prince. This situation has deteriorated as criminal groups extend their influence into previously unaffected areas, weighing heavily on the local populace. Reports indicate escalated gang-related violence, particularly in the southern regions, with attacks on police and law enforcement becoming more frequent. The United Nations has stated that as state authority wanes, gangs are assuming the role of governance by filling the void left by inadequate public services. They are strategically positioning themselves to disrupt legal commerce, particularly through the control of key trade routes. This not only exacerbates violence but also increases the cost of essential goods, severely impacting food security in a country already grappling with socio-economic challenges. International responses have been hampered by limited resources; a U.N.-backed mission led by Kenyan police is undersized and underfunded, operating at about 40% capacity with no substantial military support outlined. The U.N. Secretary-General has proposed various assistance measures, including drone support, but institutional responses remain stagnant amidst ongoing gang violence and territory encroachment. As vigilante organizations emerge amid frustration with the state’s inability to maintain order, their activities have complicated the scenario, leading to numerous human rights violations and extrajudicial killings. The mixed response of communities, some cooperating with gangs, reflects distrust towards the established authorities. Without enhanced international support, there exists a real risk of complete governmental collapse in Haiti, leaving the population vulnerable and further entrenched in poverty and violence.