ancient astronomical observatory discovered in Egypt, 6th century BC

Archaeologists in Egypt have made a groundbreaking discovery of an ancient astronomical observatory, which is believed to be the first and largest of its kind, dating back to the 6th century BC. Located in Kafr Sheikh, approximately 2.5 hours north of the pyramids of Giza, the site features a sundial and a unique building designed with slanted architecture to effectively measure solar movement and shade. This architectural design indicates a sophisticated understanding of astronomy during that era. The observatory is part of the Buto Temple complex and includes an astronomy tower constructed with five levels of limestone blocks. Special entrances on the east and west sides of the structure were strategically placed to facilitate the tracking of the sun's daily trajectory. Additionally, engravings depicting seasonal sunrises and sunsets were uncovered, highlighting the significance of solar observations in ancient Egyptian culture. Among the artifacts found were an inclined shadow clock, which served as a prominent timekeeping device, and various stone blocks used to measure the sun's angles. The site also contained several chambers, including a small observatory room and additional storage areas made of milky brick. Noteworthy artistic elements, such as a blue painting and depictions of deities like Horus and Osiris, were also discovered, showcasing the cultural richness of the period. This discovery not only sheds light on the advanced astronomical practices of ancient Egyptians but also emphasizes the importance of such observatories in understanding celestial movements, which played a crucial role in their agricultural and religious practices.