Mozambique's opposition leader back from exile amid tear gas chaos

Mozambique has been experiencing significant unrest following a disputed election on October 9, 2023, where the ruling party, Frelimo, was accused of electoral fraud by opposition candidates and international observers. In the aftermath, protests erupted across the nation, leading to over 278 fatalities according to civil society monitoring groups. The recent return of opposition leader Venancio Mondlane from exile has heightened tensions, as he had fled the country fearing for his life after threats to his safety were reported, including the assassination of key party members. Mondlane's homecoming coincided with police crackdowns on his supporters, who gathered at Mavalane International Airport in Maputo despite ballooning unrest. Tear gas was deployed while snipers were positioned around the airport, showcasing the volatile situation in Mozambique’s capital. The protests have not only resulted in loss of life but disrupted businesses and border access, impacting the overall economy and stability of the region. Frelimo has maintained control since Mozambique's independence in 1975. The Constitutional Council recently confirmed the party's election victory, igniting further backlash from the opposition led by Mondlane, who is calling for continued demonstrations across the country. As an imminent inauguration of President-elect Daniel Chapo approaches, observers predict that further unrest may occur, contrasting with the government’s claims of legitimacy and stability. Given the historical context of Frelimo's governance and its contentious electoral processes, the present situation poses a critical moment for both the opposition and the ruling party. Following Mondlane's return, the citizenry's response, coupled with international scrutiny, remains to be seen in the face of ongoing protests and the ruling party's resistance to claims of electoral misconduct.