Turkey expands naval power with advanced submarine technology

In August 2024, Turkey formally commissioned its first Reis-class submarine into the Turkish Navy, marking a significant advancement in its naval capabilities. This submarine, along with the forthcoming TCG Hzir Reis, which is currently undergoing sea trials and expected to be commissioned later in 2025, signifies Turkey's ambitious goal of enhancing its military strength in regions like the Aegean Sea, where competition with neighboring Greece exists. With these new submarines, Turkey aims to strengthen its defense posture in the Black Sea against Russian influence, showcasing its rise as a dominant Middle Eastern power over the next decade. Turkey's Reis-class submarines incorporate sophisticated technology including air-independent propulsion systems powered by high-capacity batteries and fuel cells, enabling extended underwater operations for up to two weeks without surfacing. The integration of multiple indigenous systems such as Akya torpedoes and Atmaca anti-ship missiles further enhance their operational effectiveness. Each submarine is valued at approximately $2.3 billion, reflecting a substantial investment in Turkey's defense industrial base. Moreover, Turkey has consistently avoided military entanglements that have bogged down other nations, preserving its resources for future military advancements. This strategic focus on building a credible naval force shifts the balance of power in the region, as the Reis-class submarines are designed for stealth and covert operations. Their low-acoustic and thermal signatures make them formidable assets in contested maritime environments, allowing Turkey to effectively penetrate Russian anti-access/area-denial networks in the Black Sea, potentially altering the regional security landscape. In addition to enhancing military capabilities, Turkey's interest in participating in European security architecture signals its desire for greater involvement in collaborative defense initiatives. However, this ambition is tempered by complex geopolitical considerations, including concerns about its internal governance structure and its relationship with Russia, a major trading partner. The successful deployment of these submarines and Turkey's aspirations for a larger military presence could redefine its role in regional security dynamics and may compel European nations to reassess their defense strategies considering the shifting power balances.