Mozambique launches $6 billion hydroelectric project to boost electricity access

Mozambique, a nation in southeastern Africa, is set to become a major provider of electricity in the region with its Mphanda Nkuwa hydroelectric plant. Supported by the World Bank, this $6 billion project aims to address the energy deficit in southern Africa, where millions still lack reliable access to power. The Mphanda Nkuwa plant, located 60 kilometers downstream from the Cahora Bassa dam along the Zambezi river, is expected to generate 1,500 megawatts by its operational start in 2031, almost doubling the current electricity access in Mozambique from 31% in 2018 to an anticipated 60% by 2024. This significant increase in power generation capability will not only support local businesses and communities but also position Mozambique as a leading exporter of electricity to neighboring countries, including South Africa and Zimbabwe. The initiative is particularly crucial considering that sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest rates of powerlessness globally, with approximately 85% of the populace living without electricity. The World Bank's backing of the project is part of a broader strategy to strengthen private sector investment in the region, particularly in the wake of decreasing financial support from U.S. agencies like the U.S. Agency for International Development. The approach emphasizes the creation of sustainable economic opportunities through energy access, as highlighted by World Bank President Ajay Banga. While large-scale projects like Mphanda Nkuwa are vital, there are calls for the development of smaller, localized energy solutions to complement the larger infrastructure. Energy consultant Evaristo Cumbane suggests that smaller energy sources are needed alongside massive installations to improve overall energy access. The challenge remains to balance these expansive projects with more immediate energy needs at the community level to ensure that the economic potential of electricity can be fully realized. As Mozambique embarks on this ambitious journey toward electrical infrastructure enhancement, it must also navigate the complexities of project financing and potential impacts on local environments. The World Bank’s support includes funding for legalities and environmental safeguards, indicating a comprehensive approach to project management. The prospective success of Mphanda Nkuwa could thus not only revitalize Mozambique’s economy but also offer lessons for other nations in Africa struggling with similar energy challenges.