Vikings in Norway faced higher violent deaths than in Denmark

A recent analysis of Viking Age skeletons reveals a stark contrast in violent deaths between individuals from Norway and Denmark. The study examined 30 skeletons from Norway and 82 from Denmark, finding that 37% of the Norwegian skeletons showed signs of violent deaths, primarily from bladed weapons, while only about 7% of the Danish skeletons exhibited similar signs, with many being executed. This discrepancy suggests that societal structures in Norway were less centralized and stratified compared to Denmark. Archaeological evidence indicates that Vikings in Norway were more likely to be buried with weapons, highlighting a cultural connection to violence and social status. In contrast, the more centralized governance in Denmark is reflected in larger fortifications and the presence of social hierarchies, as evidenced by runestones that indicate titles and ranks. The findings challenge previous assumptions about violence rates in these regions during the Viking Age, suggesting that the context of violence was deeply rooted in the societal organization and cultural practices of the time.