M23 rebel group revamps under Corneille Nangaa to challenge Congolese government

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the M23 rebel group has experienced a resurgence under new leadership, marking a significant shift in its identity and objectives. Corneille Nangaa, formerly the head of the Congolese electoral body, has taken control after Sultani Makenga, the previous leader, remained absent from public view. Nangaa aims to present a more diverse representation for M23, distancing it from its past as an ethnic Tutsi rebel movement associated with Rwanda. His battle cry includes a commitment to continue towards Kinshasa, the national capital, striving for a broader political agenda. The M23, which emerged prominently during its first rebellion in 2012, was comprised primarily of Kinyarwanda-speaking fighters who sought integration into the Congolese army in response to perceived violations of agreements made with the Congolese government. Despite their repulsion by U.N. and Congolese government forces in 2012, the group has regrouped and currently boasts an estimated 6,500 fighters. In the wake of joining Nangaa's Congo River Alliance — a coalition opposing President Félix Tshisekedi's government — M23 has transformed its approach from a primarily ethnic viewpoint to a national agenda. The Crisis Group assess that this evolution could enable M23 to forge new local alliances within Congo and attract military support from various factions aiming to destabilize the current government. Analysts believe that this strategic shift represents a likely maneuver by Rwanda, establishing a Congolese front to leverage influence over the Congolese capital and fortify its presence in North Kivu province. With Nangaa at the forefront, M23 is now seeking to present itself as a legitimate political entity, focusing on the return of displaced populations to their homes while simultaneously posing a direct challenge to President Tshisekedi. Overall, the changes in M23's leadership and aims reflect a calculated shift in tactics, driven by the need to address evolving political dynamics and solidify their influence in the region. Nangaa’s presidency is a further indication of domestic political reshuffling in Congo, where allegiance will remain critical as M23 confronts state forces. The implications of this renewed strength of M23 and its claims could significantly impact the political landscape in the Democratic Republic of Congo.