World's oldest mummies discovered in southeast Asia dating back 12,000 years

In a remarkable discovery, researchers have unearthed what are believed to be the oldest known mummies in the world in southeastern Asia, specifically within regions now known as China and Vietnam. These ancient remains are estimated to date back up to 12,000 years, predating other famous mummies, including those from Egypt that date back only 4,500 years. The study showcases 54 pre-Neolithic burials excavated from 11 archaeological sites, revealing human remains positioned in tightly crouched or squatting postures and exhibiting signs of burn marks from being smoke-dried over fire, a ritualistic mummification technique. The researchers led by Hirofumi Matsumura from Sapporo Medical University highlighted that the practice of mummification during this time likely had deep spiritual, religious, or cultural significance. The bodies were buried along with mummification rites, which allowed communities to maintain both physical and spiritual connections with their ancestors. Unlike the well-known mummies of Egypt, these ancient individuals were not sealed after the smoking process, which resulted in preservation lasting only from decades to a few hundred years. The research indicates that smoking may have originated as either a means of preservation or as a by-product of a specific cultural or religious ritual. The findings have prompted an important shift in the narrative surrounding ancient mummification practices. The discovery of these mummies is significant for understanding prehistoric funerary customs, indicating that the ancient peoples of southeastern Asia participated in complex practices that facilitated connections with their heritage. Despite the presence of burn marks suggesting exposure to heat, the methods of mummification across these diverse locations still require further investigation to confirm consistency in practice. Moreover, this new evidence inspires a re-examination of previous mummification records and provides a better understanding of ancient societies in the region. Even today, some Indigenous communities in Australia and Papua New Guinea continue smoke-drying and mummifying their deceased, indicating that these practices may have deep-rooted cultural significance that has persisted through millennia. As anthropologists and archaeologists delve deeper into the rituals of these ancient hunter-gatherer communities, we may continue to uncover vital aspects of human history and cultural evolution through such findings.