Putin enhances Russia's maritime power by launching new nuclear submarine

In Russia, a significant event took place on March 26, 2025, when President Vladimir Putin attended the launch ceremony of a new nuclear submarine. This submarine is notable for being equipped with advanced hypersonic missiles known as Zircon, which are designed to bolster the security of Russia's maritime borders and protect its national interests in various global waters, including the Arctic. During his speech at the ceremony, Putin expressed his commitment to safeguarding Russia's territorial integrity and enhancing its status as a leading maritime power. Earlier in March 2025, the Russian Navy's Kilo-II submarine showcased its advanced capabilities by successfully launching Kalibr cruise missiles at maritime and coastal targets during training exercises in the Sea of Japan. This demonstration illustrated the submarine’s proficiency in anti-surface warfare and anti-submarine warfare operations. The vessels of this class are recognized for their stealth and operational competence in challenging coastal environments, which play a critical role in regional security dynamics. The Kilo-II class submarines, also referred to as Varshavyanka-class by NATO, have eroded suspicions concerning their operational presence as they possess enhanced noise reduction systems and advanced navigational technologies, making them difficult to detect. The improved capabilities of these submarines reflect Russia’s focus on enhancing its naval power, especially in the Pacific region, which has become increasingly important amid global geopolitical tensions. In recent years, the Russian Pacific Fleet has been upgraded with the introduction of new equipment and modern vessels. The lead submarine of the Project 636.3 class was delivered to the Russian Navy as early as November 2019, with additional vessels following in the subsequent years. These developments underscore Moscow’s commitment to fortifying its maritime forces, countering perceived threats from both U.S. and allied naval operations in the Indo-Pacific region. The ongoing modernization of the Russian Navy manifests a noteworthy escalation in naval capabilities that raises questions regarding the strategic balance in related waters.