Lithuania challenges Belarus in court over migrant smuggling claims
- Lithuania has accused Belarus of breaching international obligations by organizing migrant smuggling.
- The claim was filed at the ICJ after failed bilateral negotiations to resolve the matter.
- This legal action aims to establish accountability under international law and prevent further violations.
Lithuania has taken legal action against Belarus, asking the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to hold it accountable for alleged breaches of international law concerning migrant smuggling. This case was filed on May 19, 2025, in The Hague, regarding claims that Belarus orchestrated the illegal movement of migrants into Lithuania. Lithuania has cited a significant increase in irregular migrants at its borders, which began in 2021, linked to the political situation in Belarus. Reports indicate that the Belarusian government used migration as a weapon against Lithuania and the European Union in response to sanctions and support for democracy movements in Belarus. Evidence presented by Lithuanian authorities suggests that Belarus facilitated the travel of migrants from the Middle East through increased flights and visa arrangements. Upon arrival, many migrants were allegedly escorted by Belarusian security forces to the Lithuanian border, where they were pressured to cross illegally. Lithuania asserts that this breach of international obligations includes failing to cooperate in preventing illegal border crossings and protect migrants' rights. Furthermore, bilateral negotiations between Lithuania and Belarus have failed, prompting Lithuania to seek a resolution through the ICJ. The Lithuanian government aims for full compensation for damages incurred, including expenses linked to fortifying its borders against a surge of irregular migration. Officials have emphasized this legal challenge to uphold international law not only to address current issues but also to deter similar violations by Belarus or other states in the future. In addition to this case, Lithuania has taken other significant steps in recent years, such as requesting the International Criminal Court (ICC) to investigate alleged international crimes in Belarus. The ongoing political tensions and humanitarian impacts highlight the urgency for accountability and justice in response to actions deemed as politicizing migration.