Peru shrinks Nazca Lines park, threatening environmental and cultural heritage

Peru recently announced a decision to reduce the size of the Nazca Archaeological Park by around 42%, translating to a loss of 1,000 hectares. This area, known for its UNESCO-listed Nazca Lines, is home to ancient geoglyphs drawn into the desert surface. Critics, including conservationists and archaeologists, have voiced concerns that this reduction may expose the site to increased risk from informal mining activities, which have already been problematic in the region. The move challenges decades of established cultural and ecological protections amidst ongoing debates about the government’s alliance with informal mining interests. On May 30, 2025, the Ministry of Culture of Peru formalized this decision, modifying the park's boundaries from roughly 5,600 square kilometers to approximately 3,200 square kilometers. Environmental advocates warn that this adjustment disregards important archaeological heritage and weakens the site’s protective framework. Critics assert that informal mining operations could expand into the newly unprotected areas, creating a risk of significant environmental degradation and cultural loss. Mariano Castro, former vice minister of the environment, highlighted the dangers posed by stripping protections from zones where extractive industry activities are on the rise. He emphasized that much of the renegotiation process surrounding these adjustments has not adequately considered the cumulative effects of numerous mining ventures on sensitive archaeological areas. This sentiment is echoed by César Ipenza, an environmental lawyer, who believes the changes favor illegal mining operations and compromise the integrity of Peru's historical heritage. Peru's Minister of Culture, Fabricio Valencia, admitted that illegal mining activities exist within the reserve and that the government's recent measure does not encourage further harm. Despite assurances, the quick decision has raised alarms about the ministry's commitment to maintaining the cultural and historical integrity of such vital landmarks. Moreover, UNESCO officials noted they were not informed about any changes to the World Heritage site's boundaries, which raises questions about international legal ramifications and obligations Peru holds as a signatory to various heritage protection agreements. The recent boundary reduction reveals the ongoing tension in Peru between development interests and heritage conservation. As the government attempts to update regulations to manage the realities of mining in the desert, there could be embedded conflicts in prioritizing economic growth over safeguarding Peru's unique cultural legacy. Conservationists continue to advocate for a preservation framework over the push for informal mining, underscoring the importance of recognizing and maintaining the value of the Nazca Lines as part of global heritage.