Half of dementia cases could be treatable infections, researchers say

Recent research has revealed that the human brain, once thought to be sterile, is home to a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. In a study led by Leanne G. Lathe, it was found that multiple chronic infections, such as Borrelia burgdorferi and Cryptococcus neoformans, may be significant contributors to dementia, with a substantial number of cases potentially being reversible through treatment. Researchers emphasize that individuals with Alzheimer’s disease often have an increased risk of developing infections, highlighting the intricate relationship between cognitive decline and microbial presence in the brain. This groundbreaking work has led to increased focus on understanding brain infections and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers have explored the brain microbiome through various innovative methods, such as culturing brain samples on human monocytes to uncover previously unidentified organisms. Findings indicate an overabundance of microbes, notably Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Candida, and Cryptococcus, in Alzheimer’s patients. The research is still in its early stages, needing more exploration of the brain's microbiome and understanding how these organisms impact cognitive health. Experts believe that further analysis will shed light on the diversity of microorganisms within the brain, which is not as varied as that found in the gut but still significant. The findings raise awareness about biomarkers in dementia cases linked to infections and the possibility of improving patient outcomes through timely diagnosis and treatment. While vaccines are considered as preventive measures against dementia, there remains skepticism within the scientific community regarding the validity of the brain microbiome’s role in cognitive health. This points to a broader issue within medical research, as funding for studies on this topic can be challenging due to historical assumptions about brain sterility as well as prevailing attitudes about risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. Experts suggest more routine testing and greater public awareness of the potential link between infections and dementia. Keeping the brain microbiome healthy may involve proactive measures, such as vaccinations and addressing infections promptly. Continued research is needed to not only validate these findings but also to determine their implications for clinical practices regarding dementia prevention and treatment in both young and elderly populations. Exploring these connections could ultimately contribute to significant advancements in both Alzheimer's research and public health strategies.