Judge Hannah Dugan faces charges for aiding illegal immigrant escape

In May 2025, Milwaukee County Circuit Judge Hannah Dugan was indicted on federal charges for allegedly aiding an illegal immigrant, Eduardo Flores-Ruiz, evade arrest by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) during a law enforcement operation at her courthouse. The incident took place on April 18, when Dugan escorted Flores-Ruiz and his lawyer out of a non-public door after being made aware of ICE's presence. Facing a misdemeanor charge of concealing an individual to prevent arrest and a felony charge of obstruction, she pleaded not guilty to both counts. Dugan has argued that her actions were within her judicial capacity and thus protected by judicial immunity. However, U.S. Magistrate Judge Nancy Joseph recommended against dismissing the charges, stating that judicial immunity does not apply in cases of criminal prosecution. The recommendation has incited debate over the autonomy of judges and their role within the judicial system, particularly under the current political climate. As the case progresses, Dugan’s defense team, which includes notable figures such as former federal prosecutor Steven Biskupic, has expressed intentions to appeal the magistrate’s recommendation. They maintain that the case against her is unprecedented and unconstitutional, claiming it undermines the independence of the judiciary. Dugan, who was elected to the court in 2016, has faced scrutiny but remains steadfast in her plea of innocence as the federal court deliberates on her case. With the trial date yet to be set, the situation has attracted significant media attention and may set a precedent for how judicial actions are treated in relation to immigration enforcement and federal law. The attention also echoes broader concerns regarding the relationship between state and federal jurisdictions, especially in areas where local authorities resist federal immigration policies.