The mosquito war between the two Koreas

The demilitarized zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea has become a battleground against malaria, a disease that remains endemic in North Korea. South Korean authorities have intensified efforts to combat mosquito populations, particularly those of the Anopheles genus, which are responsible for malaria transmission. These mosquitoes can travel significant distances, exacerbated by global warming, and pose a threat to public health in South Korea. The WHO reported 4,500 malaria cases in North Korea from 2021 to 2022, highlighting the urgency of the situation. Since August, South Korea has deployed capture devices along the DMZ that attract mosquitoes using human skin substances and carbon dioxide. This initiative is part of a broader strategy to enhance surveillance and capture networks established in the 1990s. The city of Paju, located near the DMZ, is particularly vulnerable, having experienced malaria resurgence since the 1990s. The lack of cooperation between the two Koreas complicates efforts to control mosquito populations in this area. The DMZ, established in 1953, spans 4 kilometers and is devoid of human presence, creating a unique ecological environment that supports mosquito breeding. The region's diverse landscapes, including marshlands and mountainous terrain, provide ample opportunities for mosquitoes to thrive. As a result, South Korea has issued a nationwide alert to address the rising malaria cases, with 70 reported in July 2024 alone. The ongoing conflict and lack of collaboration between North and South Korea hinder effective disease control measures. Experts emphasize the need for joint efforts to combat malaria and its vectors, as the current situation poses a significant public health risk to both nations.