Syrian government forces clash with insurgents in Aleppo after years of calm

In December 2024, the Syrian government led by Bashar al-Assad collapsed after an insurrection by rebel forces, signaling the end of an era of iron-fisted rule spanning over half a century. The surprising speed of this transition was marked by opposition groups launching an extensive offensive that began on November 27, 2024, swiftly capturing cities including the strategically significant Aleppo and eventually reaching the capital of Damascus. As the rebel forces moved southwards, they faced little resistance from Assad's military, resulting in chaos that forced many government troops to abandon their posts. On the day of Assad's departure, jubilant crowds took to the streets of Damascus to celebrate the end of his oppressive regime. Many citizens expressed disbelief at how quickly the government crumbled, with scenes of looting and merriment as rebels celebrated their victory by reclaiming symbols of authority. Reports soon emerged of Assad fleeing the country, along with his family, amidst claims that he was offered asylum in Moscow. The situation left Syrian Prime Minister Mohammad Ghazi Jalali in a position of uncertainty, highlighting the instability that followed Assad's downfall. This rapid shift in power unearthed complex questions regarding the future governance of Syria. With multiple factions vying for control, the potential for further civil conflict looms large. The newly emerging leaders from groups like Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), who played a crucial role in the offensive, must now grapple with the pressing need to unify the country amid deep-rooted divisions and animosity. Many citizens moved quickly to reclaim their rights and properties, reflecting a cautious yet hopeful disposition for a new beginning. Internationally, the abrupt ousting of Assad may alter geopolitical dynamics within the region as various powers reassess their positions and strategies regarding Syria. The support of Iranian and Russian forces who previously backed Assad dwindled, complicating their future involvement in Syrian affairs. With Assad's exit, observers noted a significant opportunity for the Syrian population to shape a peaceful and democratic narrative, although external influences and past grievances may complicate this process.