Ancient military fortifications revealed in Egypt's Tell Abu Sefeh

In early May 2025, a significant archaeological discovery was made in Egypt's Tell Abu Sefeh, an area located in North Sinai near Ismailia and the Suez Canal. The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced the unearthing of ancient military fortifications dating back to the Ptolemaic and Roman eras. These ruins provide insight into the defensive structures that played a crucial role in safeguarding Egypt's eastern borders during antiquity. The excavations, conducted by archaeologists, brought to light a vast military complex that included not only fortifications but also soldiers' residential units and trenches signaling the presence of additional fortress structures. Aerial photographs revealed the advanced state of these ancient military installations, alongside the discovery of various artifacts such as basins and pots. Notably, experts indicated that ancient trees likely lined a pathway leading to the fortress. Excavators recovered over 500 clay circles that were probably used for planting trees, complementing the entrance to the fortress during the Ptolemaic era. In addition to residential and defensive structures, archaeologists uncovered a 330-foot-long, 36-foot-wide road paved with limestone slabs. This road, described as linking the eastern gate of the Roman fortress to the core of the site, served as a vital transport route. Furthermore, Egyptian officials highlighted that the soldiers' quarters provide valuable perspectives on the daily lives of the cavalry stationed at the Roman fortress during the reigns of Emperors Diocletian and Maximian. Evidence of four large kilns used for producing quicklime suggested that the site transformed into an industrial hub toward the end of the Roman era, resulting in the destruction of many stone structures within the complex. As this excavation continues, Egyptian Minister of Tourism and Antiquities Sherif Fathy emphasized the importance of these findings, noting how they illuminate the eastern military fortifications' strategic military and industrial significance throughout Egypt's historical timeline. The discovery has not only added to the extensive history of military architecture in the region but has also sparked discussions on the role of these facilities in protecting the ancient Egyptian borders. This archaeological achievement comes on the heels of several notable discoveries by the Egyptian authorities, marking a resurgence in historical inquiry and engagement with Egypt's rich cultural past.