Illegal armed groups surge under Gustavo Petro's administration

In Colombia, illegal armed groups have seen a significant increase in membership and territorial control during the administration of President Gustavo Petro, who took office in August 2022. According to a security report, these groups grew by 45 percent, rising from 15,120 members in mid-2022 to 21,958 by the end of June 2025. This alarming trend coincides with escalating violence, displacement of civilians, and criticisms directed at Petro's 'Total Peace' policy aimed at negotiating peace with armed factions. Notably, 70 percent of Colombian citizens perceive this policy as ineffective, attributing the worsening conditions to the government's failure to address the root issues of violence and criminality. Critics have pointed out that armed groups have taken advantage of cease-fires to expand their influence and recruit young individuals into illegal activities. As President Petro approaches the final year of his term, various challenges underscore the precarious situation in Colombia, including a decline in public approval, stalled reforms, and rising tensions with the United States. The president's approach to dialogue with all illegal organizations has been met with skepticism, as mass killings have surged and communities have been impacted severely. Between January and September 2024, there were 47 reported massacres that resulted in 168 fatalities. The Colombian government struggles with political fatigue and an ineffective legislature that hampers progress on critical reforms essential for enhancing national security. Petro's 'Total Peace' initiative has seen mixed reactions, particularly after the shooting of conservative Senator Miguel Uribe by a youth linked to a government program aimed at promoting peace among impoverished young Colombians. This incident calls into question the efficacy of government measures to rehabilitate at-risk youth. Critics assert that armed groups are thriving due to the absence of robust government response, leading to a perception of impunity in regions affected by violence. In summary, Colombia faces ongoing challenges as violence spreads, armed groups consolidate power, and government initiatives struggle to yield tangible results. The electorate's dissatisfaction with Petro's leadership, combined with increasing risks from organized crime, paints a grim picture for the country's stability as it moves closer to the upcoming presidential elections in May 2026.