Researchers replicate ancient Egyptian blue pigment lost for 5000 years

In a remarkable scientific achievement, researchers from Washington State University successfully recreated an ancient blue pigment known as Egyptian blue, which had been lost to time for 5000 years. This pigment was predominantly used in ancient Egypt and later by the Romans, marking its significance in historical artistry. Collaborating with both the Carnegie Museum of Natural History and the Smithsonian's Museum Conservation Institute, the team conducted an extensive analysis of the original pigment found in various museum artefacts. Their goal was to identify and replicate the methods used in ancient times, to produce a modern version of this vibrant dye. Through their efforts, the researchers developed several recipes involving key components such as silicon dioxide, copper, calcium, and sodium carbonate. They meticulously controlled the heating process, limiting the temperature to around 1000 degrees Celsius (approximately 1800 degrees Fahrenheit), since ancient methods would not have accessed modern industrial heating capabilities. Analysis showed that variations in the recipes resulted in subtle differences in pigment composition without greatly affecting the color's intensity, allowing the blue dye to stand out even when mixed with other materials. The recreated Egyptian blue pigments are currently part of the collection at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, signifying their cultural importance. Their research findings, published in a research paper, reveal the nuanced process involved in both the ancient and modern replication of Egyptian blue, underscoring the complexity of historical pigments that often feature unique, region-based variations. The researchers highlighted their excitement in reconnecting with an art form that was not based on natural pigments, but rather a synthetic creation. Additionally, this recreation has captured the attention of those interested in applying Egyptian blue for new technological purposes. The pigment is noted for producing near-infrared light, which has potential applications in areas such as fingerprint analysis and secure ink for anti-counterfeiting measures. As enthusiasm grows for exploring the advantages and applications of Egyptian blue, it symbolizes both a historical and contemporary intersection of art and technology.