Niger junta seizes control of French uranium mine amid rising tensions

Since the military coup in July 2023, Niger has been increasingly distancing itself from French influence, particularly in the mining sector. The military rulers of Niger have taken steps to overhaul the regulations governing foreign companies, particularly affecting the operations of French nuclear firm Orano. In June 2024, Niger's government withdrew the mining permit for Orano to exploit one of the world's largest uranium deposits, prompting the company to suspend its production activities. This action is seen as part of a broader strategy by Niger's military government to assert more control over its natural resources and to ensure the country earns a greater share of profits from raw material extraction. Orano has faced significant operational challenges, notably in exporting uranium, primarily due to Niger's border with Benin being closed for security reasons. According to the company, around 1,150 tonnes of uranium concentrate, valued at approximately $210 million, remained unexported because of these obstacles. The situation reflects escalating tensions not only in the realm of resource management but also in the relationship between Niger and France, following a series of diplomatic strains including the expulsion of French troops from Niger. Niger's military leaders have openly criticized the historical agreements that traditionally favored French companies, indicating a desire to renegotiate terms to benefit their nation more significantly. In comments made by Colonel Abarchi Ousmane, Niger's Minister of Mines, the impact of France's non-recognition of the new military government has been emphasized, questioning how Niger could allow French companies to exploit resources under such circumstances. The country, which gained independence from France in 1960, has historically relied on French investment for its uranium supply, which once constituted 15-20% of France's total uranium imports. However, with military leader Abdourahamane Tiani's administration asserting its authority, there is a clear shift away from reliance on France. It has opened the door for potential influence from other countries, with an eye on engaging Russian and Turkish firms to fill the void left by France. The abrupt changes in policy come against the backdrop of Niger's position as one of the top producers of uranium globally, contributing around 5% of the world's output. The changing dynamics may lead to a significant transformation in the market for uranium and broader implications for global nuclear energy strategies as new players potentially enter the sector, further complicating relations with long-standing partners like France.