G4 geomagnetic storm lights up skies across 27 U.S. states

On June 1, 2025, a significant geomagnetic event is anticipated to provide widespread visibility of the northern lights across the United States. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicts that a G4 geomagnetic storm will affect various regions, including states as far south as Alabama and northern California. As a result, the northern lights might be visible from as many as 27 states, creating a unique opportunity for many to witness this natural phenomenon. The phenomenon is attributed to a coronal mass ejection (CME) that recently erupted from the sun, sending a surge of solar particles towards Earth. The expected conditions for viewing the aurora are influenced by several astronomical and atmospheric factors. The geomagnetic activity caused by the CME is forecasted to increase, creating optimal conditions for the display. Observers are advised to look towards the northern horizon and find a location away from light pollution to enhance the visibility of the lights. The best viewing hours are projected to be from 9 p.m. on June 1 to 5 a.m. on June 2. As the event coincides with a waxing crescent moon, the visibility of the colors should be clearer once the moon sets. Historically, such geomagnetic storms have drawn interest across the globe due to their rarity and visual impact. The aurora borealis is typically restricted to polar regions, but during strong storms, it can be seen much further south. Previous significant storms have reached extreme levels that allowed auroras to be seen as far away as the Caribbean. These events are tied to the solar cycle, which oscillates approximately every 11 years, with the peak activity phase providing the best chances for aurora visibility. This impending storm follows a series of increasingly intense solar flares and CMEs observed over recent months, indicating a period of heightened solar activity. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is closely monitoring the activity and providing updates to help enthusiasts prepare for potential sightings. Furthermore, while the geomagnetic storm is not harmful to human health, it may indicate disruptions in technology and infrastructure, including effects on communication systems and power grids. Such storms provide a simultaneous blend of aesthetic amazement and caution due to their unpredictable nature and potential consequences.