China unveils advanced underwater drones resembling Russian designs

During a military parade in Beijing, which took place recently, China showcased several new oversized unmanned underwater vehicles. Defense analysts noted that these vehicles bear significant similarities to Russia's Poseidon nuclear torpedo, particularly in terms of their dimensions and external design. The Chinese prototypes, referred to as extra-large unmanned underwater vehicles (XLUUVs), were seen being transported on trailers. Observers identified at least six such vehicles, including four labeled AJX002 and two larger models. Despite similarities to Russia’s systems, these Chinese XLUUVs appear to be designed for shore-based launch methods rather than deployment from submarines. Key features of the prototypes include visible crane fixtures on the hulls, suggesting versatility in their deployment methods. The dimensions of the AJX002 units are estimated to be between 18 to 20 meters long, with a diameter ranging from 1 to 1.5 meters. In addition, the larger model possesses a structure on its hull that may accommodate satellite communications equipment or advanced sensors. However, as these systems are still in the prototype stage, their precise roles remain uncertain. In contrast to Russia's Poseidon, which was claimed to be capable of carrying nuclear weapons but has faced criticisms due to delivery issues, the Chinese platforms may be developed for various military applications including reconnaissance, transport, or strike missions. Chinese manufacturers are aiming to create a multi-purpose vehicle similar to projects currently underway in the United States and Europe, such as the Dive-XL system. While China has decreased its dependence on Russian arms over recent years—evident in a 40% reduction of imports between 2009 and 2023—there continues to be a reliance on Russia for specific military technologies, particularly aircraft engines. The decline in arms purchases is attributed largely to reverse-engineering and technology appropriated through various espionage activities targeting Russian defense capabilities. At least 21 espionage incidents have been reported over two decades, highlighting the ongoing tension between reliance on foreign technology and developing indigenous military capabilities.