El Salvador moves closer to adopting nuclear energy following IAEA review

El Salvador is exploring the feasibility of nuclear energy as part of its broader efforts to enhance energy security. A six-day safety review by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) assessed the site selection process for El Salvador's planned nuclear power plant. Conducted from May 26-31, the IAEA's Site and External Events Design Review Service (SEED) evaluated two potential sites located in Chalatenango and San Vicente, considering factors such as seismic activity and external hazard risks. This marks a significant milestone as the nation has progressed towards nuclear energy utilization. In March 2024, President Nayib Bukele announced plans to initiate the process of obtaining IAEA approval for using nuclear energy, leading to the formulation of a Nuclear Energy Law in October. This law aims to promote the peaceful application of nuclear technologies while ensuring safety and compliance with international standards. Furthermore, in February, during a visit by U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, a memorandum of understanding was signed between El Salvador and the United States for cooperation on nuclear energy and technological advancements. The IAEA delegation's review confirmed that the Executive Hydroelectric Commission of the Lempa River (CEL) effectively developed exclusion criteria for site screening, indicating a proactive approach to reducing risks associated with nuclear power deployment. The review team put forward recommendations for improving the site selection process, underscoring the importance of assessments relating to seismic, flooding, and volcanic hazards. This guidance is crucial for ensuring that any future nuclear facilities are located in areas that minimize potential risks to the population and environment. As El Salvador is situated near tectonic fault lines and possesses numerous volcanoes, careful consideration of these natural phenomena is paramount for the successful implementation of a nuclear program. The Salvadoran government has pledged to adhere to IAEA guidelines during every phase of site characterization and selection, ensuring that the approach remains technical and transparent. If El Salvador successfully establishes a nuclear energy program, it will not only become the first Central American country to do so but will also join Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina as one of the few nuclear-capable nations in Latin America.