Recent Deaths from EEE and WNV Raise Concerns in New England

In recent weeks, multiple fatalities due to eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) have been reported in the northeastern United States, raising public health concerns. A New Hampshire resident was hospitalized after testing positive for EEE, West Nile virus, and St. Louis encephalitis virus, highlighting the potential severity of mosquito-borne illnesses. The increase in cases has prompted questions about whether these viruses are becoming more common and dangerous. Mosquitoes are known to transmit several serious infections, including West Nile virus, EEE, and dengue. Currently, West Nile virus is the most prevalent mosquito-borne infection in the U.S., but other viruses like EEE and St. Louis encephalitis are also present. Symptoms of these infections can vary, with dengue causing severe body aches and joint pain, often referred to as breakbone fever. Diagnosing mosquito-borne viruses can be challenging due to the limitations of molecular tests like PCR, which may yield negative results by the time a patient seeks medical attention. Instead, serology tests that detect antibodies are commonly used, although they can produce false-positive results due to cross-reactivity among related viruses. Preventive measures are crucial, as vaccines for these infections are not widely available. To reduce the risk of infection, individuals are advised to eliminate standing water where mosquitoes breed, avoid outdoor activities during peak mosquito activity times, and wear protective clothing while using insect repellent. These steps are essential to mitigate the threat posed by mosquito-borne viruses in the region.