EU commitment: Is the European Union truly the only reliable partner for the Western Balkans?

On December 18, 2023, in Brussels, Belgium, leaders from the European Union and Western Balkans convened for a significant summit aimed at strengthening the strategic relationship between the EU and the Balkan countries. The summit served as a platform to send a strong political message emphasizing the necessity of enhanced cooperation, especially in the wake of challenges posed by geopolitical tensions, such as the war in Ukraine. The gathering was convened by Antonio Costa, the new President of the European Council, who highlighted the urgency of fostering political and economic ties with the region, crucial for both stability and future EU accession. During the summit, various critical issues were addressed, including the implementation of the growth plan for the Western Balkans and the importance of reconciliation, regional cooperation, and good neighborly relations. Participants acknowledged that these elements are fundamental for advancing the EU accession process of Balkan countries. Discussions also included the geopolitical context, where concerns regarding Russia's influence over the region were raised, showing a collective commitment to ensuring that the aspirations of Western Balkan countries to join the EU were realized. Prominent leaders communicated their earnest commitment to support the Balkan nations on their path to EU integration. Giorgia Meloni, Italy's Prime Minister, emphatically stated that the completion of the reunification of the Western Balkans to Europe is imperative, reinforcing Italy's support. Similarly, Belgian Prime Minister Alexander De Croo asserted the EU's position as a steadfast partner, emphasizing that enlargement should proceed based on the merits and concrete reforms of each candidate state. This emphasis reflects a departure from past approaches, moving away from a rapid expansion as seen in 2004. Despite expressing their aspirations for EU membership, Western Balkan countries voiced frustrations regarding the sluggish pace of the enlargement process, reflecting a need for renewed focus and action. Antonio Costa recognized the recent progress made by Montenegro and Albania but noted that substantial challenges remained. Montenegrin President Jakov Milatovic conveyed an ambitious goal, aiming for his country to become the 28th member state of the EU by 2028. The summit represented a pivotal moment, illustrating the EU's commitment to the region amid changing geopolitical dynamics and underscoring the ongoing importance of progressing toward a more unified Europe.